Envisioning
Prior to stakeholder engagement, the Planning Team undertook a visioning exercise with the following objectives:
- Identify achievements from the 2019 Hazard Mitigation Plan.
- Highlight challenges within the 2019 Hazard Mitigation Plan.
- Review new requirements to assess areas of compliance and identifying necessary changes.
Hazard Identification
The hazards outlined in the 2024 Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP) were selected based on a series of criteria starting with continuing the use of existing hazard profiles from previous HMPs, incorporating hazards of relevance to City agencies, and categorizing based on the broadest shared denominator.
The criteria achieved the following:
- Continuing the use of existing hazard profiles from previous HMPs facilitates a gradual and iterative plan-update approach.
- Incorporating hazards of relevance to City agencies reflects their current priorities and informed perspectives.
- Categorizing based on the broadest shared denominator promotes a cohesive and easily comprehensible report presentation to the intended audience.
Stakeholder Engagement
The HMP utilized various methods in the development of the report. These included workshops, lectures, surveys, site visits, and webinars.
Workshops
Session 1: Hazard Environment
The first workshop with the HMP Steering Committee was held on January 9, 2023, to introduce and review the content of the NYC Hazard Environment. This workshop hosted a total of 23 participants across 12 City agencies and non-governmental organizations.
- New York City Department of Environmental Protection (DEP)
- New York City Department of Buildings (DOB)
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH)
- New York City Department of Transportation (DOT)
- New York City Economic Development Corporation (EDC)
- New York City Housing Preservation and Development (HPD)
- New York City Mayor’s Office of Climate and Environmental Justice (MOCEJ)
- New York City Department of Parks and Recreation (Parks)
- New York City Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
- New York City Mayor’s Office of Risk Management
- American Institute of Architects
- Regional Plan Association
The Planning Team presented on the Hazard Environment from the 2019 HMP by reviewing risks and vulnerabilities within the New York City’s natural, social, built, and future environments.
Following the presentation, the Planning Team facilitated breakout discussions about additional or new risks, vulnerabilities, or hazard events that alter how we understand the NYC Hazard Environment. Participants responded to the following prompts within small groups and then shared highlights among the entire Steering Committee through a large group discussion:
- Provide at least 10 new topics or variables that should be included or updated in our NYC Hazard Environment.
- List at least three events, since 2019, and the consequences which affect how we view the NYC Hazard Environment (natural, social, built, and future environments).
Following the first workshop, the Planning Team sent the discussion questions in an online form to further capture ideas from workshop participants and from those who could not attend. Participants’ contributions were synthesized and incorporated within the Hazard Environment and returned to specific agencies per topic and theme for review.
Session 2: Hazard Profiles
The second workshop with the Hazard Mitigation Plan Steering Committee was held on March 16th, 2023, to introduce and review content of the Hazard Profiles. This workshop hosted a total of 17 participants across seven City agencies (DEP, DOT, DOHMH, DOB, EDC, HPD, NYC Parks) and one state agency (DHSES)
This workshop hosted a total of 17 participants across seven City agencies and one State agency:
- New York City Department of Environmental Protection (DEP)
- New York City Department of Buildings (DOB)
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH)
- New York City Department of Transportation (DOT)
- New York City Economic Development Corporation (EDC)
- New York City Housing Preservation and Development (HPD)
- New York City Department of Parks and Recreation (Parks)
- New York State Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Services (DHSES)
The Planning Team presented the Hazard Profiles from the 2019 HMP by reviewing information used to define what specific hazards are, their risks, and management strategies. The Planning Team then presented the set of hazards to be profiled in the 2024 HMP: Coastal Erosion, Coastal Storms, Earthquakes, Extreme Heat, Flooding, High Winds, Winter Weather, Drought, Public Health, and Non-Natural.
Following the presentation, the Planning Team facilitated breakout discussions about specific hazard risks and events that inform our current understanding of the profiles. Participants responded to the following prompts within small groups, and then shared highlights among the entire Steering Committee through a large group discussion:
- What aspects of the NYC’s Hazard Environment amplify or reduce risk to each of the hazards?
- What events have occurred since 2019 that need to be reflected in the 2024 profiles?
From these discussions, a subset of the following ideas that emerged include:
- Future climate change and previous hazard events in the last five years both in NYC and worldwide informs our evolving understanding of local risk and mitigation across various hazards.
Following the second workshop, the Planning Team sent the discussion questions in an online form to further capture ideas after the workshop and from those who could not attend. Participants’ contributions were synthesized and incorporated within the Hazard Profiles and returned to specific agencies for review.
Session 3: Mitigation Strategy
The third workshop was held in two sessions on June 26, 2023, and July 25, 2023. The workshop included a visioning exercise of New York City at three time points to explore how different time frames allow planners to develop long-term visions. It also included an assessment of today’s mitigation strategies and actions. We used the 2100 time frame to create space for anticipatory, long-term visioning and to remove potential challenges of present demands or constraints. We additionally included the two prior time frames: 2029, to facilitate imagining how we see NYC after the 2024 HMP and before the next update; and 2050, to explore how a future time frame may or may not align with the longest-term vision of 2100.
Mitigation actions visioned across New York City included the increase of urban green infrastructure (such as street trees) in environmental justice communities and other vulnerable neighborhoods; expanded access to buses and alternative transportation; managed retreat and resiliency projects along the coastline; and a completion of many of the mitigation actions currently in progress in the HMP. Visions for 2029 to 2100 generally aligned, where by 2100 many of the actions included in the 2029 and 2050 maps were included, plus more.
Participants were guided to connect their strategies and capabilities to specific categories within the Mitigation Actions framework: Coastal/Natural Resource Protection, Emergency Services, Infrastructure Projects, Prevention and Policy, Property Protection, and Public Education and Awareness. Similarly, for Capability Assessment, partners aligned their efforts with Planning and Regulatory, Administrative and Technical, Financial, and Education and Outreach categories.
Participants, especially those who represent and serve communities neighboring New York City — such as NYC DEP, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA), Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ), and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers — were encouraged to include strategies and capabilities for areas outside New York City.
Additionally, the workshop offered partners insights into the terminology and expectations integral to the upcoming Mitigation Actions update. This preparatory element ensured partners would be well-equipped for the impending update, further enhancing their contributions to the mitigation process.
Site Visits
The Planning Team organized a series of site visits with the purpose of providing a comprehensive and immersive understanding of the City’s mitigation strategies and actions, as well as encouraging partners to contribute more precise and detailed information to the Mitigation Actions Database. Through direct engagement, partners gained a deeper understanding of ongoing mitigation efforts and were better equipped to accurately document their actions in the database.
| Urban Post-Disaster Housing Prototype Program, NYC Emergency Management (NYCEM) NYCEM, anticipating the housing challenges post disaster events, piloted the Urban Post-Disaster Housing Prototype Program. This initiative aimed to design multistory, multifamily interim housing that aligns with urban settings — not just within New York City but also adaptable across various cities nationwide. The program is a pivotal extension of the City’s Coastal Storm Plan, emphasizing proactive planning for housing recovery after a severe disaster. Recognizing the city’s unique challenges of high population density and the importance of community resettlement, NYCEM, in collaboration with the Department of Design and Construction (DDC), innovated an approach offering denser living accommodations, diverging from the conventional single-household post-disaster solutions. |
| Interim Flood Protection Measures, NYC Emergency Management (NYCEM) The Interim Flood Protection Measures (IFPM) program, overseen by NYCEM, was initiated to offer interim protection against hurricane-induced floods targeting the city’s critical facilities, infrastructure, and vulnerable low-lying areas. The program is meant to provide a temporary level of protection while permanent mitigation is constructed at the site. The City collaborated with engineering experts and various agencies to meticulously assess flood risks at each location. The goal was to identify measures that optimally mitigate flood risks while minimally disrupting the surrounding neighborhoods. |
| Blue Belt New Creek, NYC Department of Environmental Protection (NYC DEP) Bluebelts are a nature-driven and cost-efficient drainage system that naturally manage runoff precipitation from streets and walkways. First pioneered in Staten Island, this program accentuates the natural drainage patterns, comprised of streams, ponds, and wetlands, and refines them for enhanced conveyance, storage, and purification of stormwater. Beyond their role in curtailing urban flooding and rejuvenating local waterway health, bluebelts provide their communities with open green expanses and offer diverse habitats for wildlife, unhindered by the constraints of closed pipelines or subterranean systems characteristic of traditional storm sewers. In the face of the looming challenges posed by rising sea levels and intensified rainfall from climate change, bluebelts stand as a sustainable testament to nature-driven stormwater management. |
| East Side Coastal Resiliency Project, NYC Department of Design and Construction (NYC DDC) The East Side Coastal Resiliency (ESCR) Project is a multiagency flood mitigation project, funded by the City of New York and the federal government. The project focuses on reducing the flood vulnerabilities associated with coastal surges and the progressive sea level elevation spanning Manhattan’s East Side, from East 25th Street to Montgomery Street. This project’s geographic scope mirrors the innate “pinch-points” within the centennial floodplain — regions where elevated land contours naturally shield the coastline, facilitating an effective blockade against potential northern and southern water ingress. Rather than isolating the community with barriers, the project’s design seamlessly weaves flood defense into the societal tapestry, enhancing waterfront expanses and fostering accessibility. |
| Freshkills Park, Freshkills Park Alliance At 2,200 acres, Freshkills Park stands out as a monumental green expanse, nearly tripling the size of the iconic Central Park and marking the most significant park development in New York City in the past century. The park’s location tells a tale of transformation, being the site of the Fresh Kills Landfill — once the world’s largest landfill — until its closure in 2001. From this legacy, the terrain has undergone meticulous engineering, layering soil and infrastructure to transform it into a sanctuary for diverse wildlife, recreation, science, education, and art. |
| Parks Green Roofs, NYC Department of Parks and Recreation (Parks) Occupying 45,000 square feet atop the Citywide Services Complex at Randall’s Island, this green roof showcases an array of green roof systems, each differing in aspects such as the growing medium’s type, its depth, and the diversity of plant choices. Inaugurated in 2007, this green roof has functioned as a pivotal experimental hub for green roof design and execution. It continually assesses and contrasts the efficiency and outcomes of numerous systems, setting a benchmark in sustainable urban architectural practices. |
| Brooklyn Bridge Park, Brooklyn Bridge Park Conservancy The architectural and ecological designs underpinning Brooklyn Bridge Park have been conscientiously shaped with a forward-thinking perspective on climate change and resilience. This vision is realized in various facets of the park, from plant selections and strategic planting approaches to resilient infrastructure. |
Lectures
A lecture series was organized with the primary objective of informing participants of the latest research and methodologies related to hazard mitigation. This series aligns with our commitment to knowledge sharing and informed decision-making. The series convened three distinct sessions, each offering unique insights into hazard mitigation.
| “Ida and the ‘Right of Way’ by the Regional Plan Association (RPA) RPA gave a presentation on its study titled “Preventing Another Ida: Stormwater Management and Basement Apartments in Central Queens.” This session also reviewed RPA’s broader research, which explored adaptive strategies within the urban right of way to mitigate extreme rainfall events and enhance overall resilience. |
| “Hurricane Evacuation Zones” by NYC Emergency Management (NYCEM) The lecture reviewed NYCEM’s methodology for developing Hurricane Evacuation Zones. It explored the interplay of meteorological and geographical analyses, encompassing parameters such as hurricane track direction and intensity. Attendees gained an understanding of the analytical intricacies that underpin the development of these zones, ensuring the precision and efficacy of evacuation strategies in the face of potential hurricane events. |
| “Latest Climate Projections” by the New York City Panel on Climate Change (NPCC) This session showed the vital role of the NPCC, an entity established in 2009 and enshrined in Local Law 42 of 2012. NPCC’s mandate is to provide authoritative and actionable scientific insights concerning climate change projections and their potential impacts to New York City. The session emphasized NPCC’s latest projections. |
| “Hazard History and Consequence Tool” by NYC Emergency Management (NYCEM) NYCEM demonstrated the Hazard History and Consequence Tool, a comprehensive repository of hazard events and their consequences that have occurred in New York City. The session provided an opportunity for participants to learn its use cases and provide feedback to improve its data and functionality. |
Academic and Community Participation
To facilitate community participation in the hazard mitigation planning process, the Planning Team partnered with academics to develop community-focused Hazard Mitigation Plans that address socially vulnerable and underrepresented communities. These efforts demonstrate a process in which communities will integrate the ideas, information, and strategy of the NYC Hazard Mitigation Plan.
| Hazard Mitigation Planning in the Rockaways A hyperlocalized Hazard Mitigation Planthat addresses socially vulnerable and underrepresented communities was developed for the Rockaway Peninsula for the Far Rockaway Arverne Nonprofit Coalition (FRANC) by graduate students in the City College of New York’s Sustainability in the Urban Environment program. FRANC’s HMP used the structure and requirements of the NYC Hazard Mitigation Plan, but provides hyperlocalized hazard profiles, hazard environments, and mitigation strategies, allowing for a direct process for the community to integrate the ideas, information, and strategy of the HMP into their planning mechanisms. Their process “included active involvement in community meetings, interviews, events, and workshops coordinated with FRANC and their community organization network.” |
| Climate Hazards and Homelessness A community-focused and topic-specific Hazard Mitigation Plan was developed for NYCEM by a graduate student at Pratt Institute’s Graduate Center for Planning and the Environment. Their HMP, which addresses a socially vulnerable and underrepresented community, explored the intersection of housing and the homelessness crisis and the climate change crisis in the context of New York City and provided a process to integrate the ideas, information, and strategies into the NYC Hazard Mitigation Plan. The process included interviews with “homeless service providers, advocates, and people with lived experience of homelessness.” |
| Extreme Heat Hazard Impact on App-Based Food Delivery Workers in New York City A community-focused Hazard Mitigation Plan addressing the risks of extreme heat for app-based delivery workers was developed for NYC Emergency Management’s Risk Analysis and Recovery Unit by a graduate student. This project explored the unique challenges faced by this socially vulnerable workforce, emphasizing the intersection of extreme heat hazards and occupational safety in the context of New York City. The HMP framework was applied to identify risks and develop long-term mitigation measures to improve working conditions and protect the health and safety of app-based delivery workers. The process included stakeholder engagement with delivery workers and occupational safety experts. |
| Climate Gentrification and Environmental Shifts in NYC A visual story map exploring the impacts of climate gentrification and environmental shifts was developed by a John D. Solomon Fellow for NYC Emergency Management. The project focuses on how rising sea levels, increased temperatures, and changing precipitation patterns drive displacement and exacerbate social inequities across New York City. Using projections from the New York City Panel on Climate Change (NPCC), this project examines pathways leading to climate gentrification and proposes strategies to address these risks while prioritizing vulnerable populations. The work includes an interactive map highlighting sea-level rise and its relationship to displacement patterns. |
| Community Strategies for Hazard Mitigation in Gowanus, Brooklyn The 2019 HMP Planning Team engaged Columbia University’s Graduate School for Architecture, Planning and Preservation (GSAPP) in a pilot project intended to serve as a template for much broader community assessment. In this semester-long studio project, students studied the community of Gowanus, Brooklyn and completed a risk assessment for this community and identified mitigation and emergency preparedness strategies. |
Surveys
Surveys were developed and distributed to participants and cohorts.
| Hazard Categorization The Hazard Categorization informed the final set of the hazard categories for the 2024 Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP) update. It was designed with every hazard available in all iterations of the New York City’s HMP, plus some extra hazards from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The purpose was to offer participants a broad set of hazards to select from, which the Planning Team would then use to further distill into the final set of hazards for the 2024 HMP. |
| Goals and Objectives Following the 2024 HMP workshops, the Planning Team sent the 2019 HMP Goals and Objectives to the Steering Committee, requesting review and revision based on the changes and/or policy evolutions that have occurred since the last plan and workshops. |
| Cultural Heritage The survey to cultural and arts organizations was designed to gauge their hazard mitigation priorities. It included a prioritization of hazard concerns and a check on their involvement in hazard mitigation within their organizations. This survey was designed in consultation with the Heritage Emergency National Task Force (HENTF), via FEMA. Eleven arts and cultural organizations from the New York City area responded, representing a range of arts and cultural heritage types, including arboreta, archives, arts organizations, cultural centers, museums, and historic homes. The majority of these were public nonprofits. |
| Research-Based Organizations This survey was designed to intake perspectives from academics and scholars on hazard mitigation. This includes the latest research and evidence on hazards, the Hazard Environment, and mitigation strategy. |
| General Survey The Planning Team developed a survey that serves four audiences: residents, businesses, community-based organizations (or nonprofits), and academia or research. This survey was another way to capture the wide range of participants. The results from this survey were folded into the prioritization process in the Mitigation Actions Database and continue to be a source for direction by the Planning Team. |
Mitigation Actions and Capability Assessment
The Planning Team organized a Mitigation Actions update webinar, where agencies were prompted to update their actions and capabilities in the Mitigation Actions Database. In addition to providing a status update for all their mitigation actions in the previous Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP), agencies were also requested to describe their ability to expand and improve their identified capabilities to achieve their mitigation actions and strategies.
Entries in the Mitigation Actions Database are ultimately self-reported by agency partners, and our primary goal remains to secure funding from FEMA for projects that mitigate risks to people and property from hazards identified in the HMP. The database, however, while serving this funding purpose, can also provide valuable insights to inform the overall mitigation environment of New York. The Planning Team will continue to enhance the database’s effectiveness and ensure its compliance with its requirements.
The Planning Team convened meetings with agencies and organizations to more closely review their existing mitigation actions and capabilities to implement those actions. These meetings were valuable to the process because they provided agencies and organizations with opportunities to ask questions and to gain a better understanding of how their actions are related to hazard mitigation.
During each meeting, the participants determined what, if any, content modifications were needed for the mitigation actions worksheet and if there were additional mitigation actions their agency could undertake in the future.
Following the meetings, agencies reviewed their submissions, made corrections and additions, and submitted a revised list of mitigation actions. A table of these proposed mitigation actions is presented under Mitigation Actions.
Public Comment
The 2024 Hazard Mitigation Plan update underwent a public comment period of two months. The Planning Team solicited feedback through newsletters, elected officials, existing participants, and the Big City Emergency Manager’s recovery and mitigation working group, which represents neighboring communities. The Planning Team also conducted community outreach and collected online feedback on the HMP. Outreach included workshops and webinars with community partners, including residents at New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA), public libraries, and community-based organizations.
Events Calendar
| Event | Type | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Kickoff | Webinar | 11/01/2022 |
| Hazard Categorization | Survey | 11/01/2022 |
| Research-Based Organizations | Survey | 11/01/2022 |
| Cultural Heritage Institutions | Survey | 11/01/2022 |
| Goals and Objectives | Survey | 11/01/2022 |
| Hazard Environment | Workshop | 01/9/2023 |
| Pratt Institute, Disaster Planning | Outreach | 03/06/2023 |
| RPA, Ida and the right of way | Lecture | 03/06/2023 |
| Hazard Profiles | Workshop | 03/16/2023 |
| Interim Flood Protection Measures Program | Site Visit | 03/17/2023 |
| Blue Belt | Site Visit | 03/31/2023 |
| NYCEM GIS, Know Your Zone | Lecture | 04/13/2023 |
| East Side Coastal Resiliency Plan | Site Visit | 04/14/2023 |
| Freshkills Park | Site Visit | 05/05/2023 |
| NPCC, Latest Projections | Lecture | 06/10/2023 |
| Private Sector Monthly Call | Outreach | 06/20/2023 |
| Mitigation and Capability Session 1 | Workshop | 06/25/2023 |
| Mitigation and Capability Session 2 | Workshop | 07/26/2023 |
| Hazard History and Consequence Tool | Lecture | 09/19/2023 |
| Public Survey Release | Lecture | 09/19/2023 |
| Big City Emergency Managers | Outreach | 10/12/2023 |
| Mitigation Actions Database | Webinar | 10/19/2023 |
| Brooklyn Bridge Park | Site Visit | 10/20/2023 |
| Urban Area Working Group | Outreach | 03/19/2024 |
| Submission to NYS DHSES and FEMA | 12/22/2023 |
Plans and Studies Consulted
As part of the planning process, the Planning Team leveraged existing resources concerning the Hazard Environment, Hazard Profiles, and Mitigation Strategy. Many of these reports continue to be updated, integrating ideas, information, and strategies from the Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP). While the HMP content incorporates source material citations, this section offers an overview of significantly referenced resources. It is important to note that this is not an exhaustive bibliography; for more resources, please refer to the footnotes and references section.
| Plans and Studies | Source |
|---|---|
| Climate Change Resilience and Adaptation (2021) | Con Edison |
| FEMA Local Mitigation Planning Handbook (2023) | Federal Emergency Management Agency |
| FEMA State and Local Mitigation Planning How-To-Guides (Series 386-1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) | Federal Emergency Management Agency |
| Hazard Mitigation Planning | Federal Emergency Management Agency |
| National Flood Insurance Program | Federal Emergency Management Agency |
| NFIP Community Rating System | Federal Emergency Management Agency |
| Local Mitigation Planning Policy Guide (2023) | Federal Emergency Management Agency |
| Cool Neighborhoods NYC: A Comprehensive Approach to Keep Communities Safe in Extreme Heat (2017) | New York City Mayor’s Office of Recovery and Resiliency |
| One City Built to Last (2017) | New York City Mayor’s Office of Sustainability |
| PlaNYC: Getting Sustainability Done (2023) | New York City Mayor’s Office of Climate & Environmental Justice |
| NYC Climate Risk Information 2022: Observations and Projections | New York City Panel on Climate Change |
| 2019 New York State Hazard Mitigation Plan | New York State Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Services |
| New York City Construction Code | New York City Department of Buildings |
| The Geography of Jobs: NYC Metropolitan Region Economic Snapshot (2019) | New York City Department of City Planning |
| NYC Resilient Neighborhoods (2020) | New York City Department of City Planning |
| Stability & Change in NYC Neighborhoods, 2010 to 2020 (2023) | New York City Department of City Planning |
| Zoning for Coastal Flood Resiliency (2021) | New York City Department of City Planning |
| Resilient Industry: Mitigation and Preparedness in the City’s Industrial Floodplain (2018) | New York City Department of City Planning |
| Retrofitting Buildings for Flood Risk (2014) | New York City Department of City Planning |
| City of Yes: Zoning for a More Equitable and Sustainable City (2023) | New York City Department of City Planning |
| New York City Waterfront Revitalization Program (2016) | New York City Department of City Planning |
| NYC’s Floodplain by the Numbers (2020) | New York City Department of City Planning |
| Vision 2020: New York City Comprehensive Waterfront Plan | New York City Department of City Planning |
| A Strategic Blueprint for Construction Excellence (2019) | New York City Department of Design and Construction |
| NYC Green Infrastructure 2022 Annual Report | New York City Department of Environmental Protection |
| NYC Resiliency Wastewater Plan (2013) | New York City Department of Environmental Protection |
| Hazard Materials Management in New York City: 2022 Annual Report | New York City Department of Environmental Protection |
| New York City Drinking Water Supply and Quality Report (2022) | New York City Department of Environmental Protection |
| The Risk of Public Health Disasters in New York City: The 2018 New York City Public Health Jurisdictional Risk Assessment | New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene |
| Air Pollution and the Health of New Yorkers: The Impact of Fine Particles and Ozone (2010) | New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene |
| New York City Housing and Vacancy Survey (2021) | New York City Department of Housing Preservation & Development |
| NYC Streets Plan (2021) | New York City Department of Transportation |
| NYCHA’s Blueprint for Change: Transformation Plan (2021) | New York City Housing Authority |
| Climate Resiliency Design Guidelines (May 2022) | New York City Mayor’s Office of Climate & Environmental Justice |
| OneNYC 2050: Building a strong and Fair City (2019) | New York City Mayor’s Office of Climate & Environmental Justice |
| New York City’s Environmental Justice for All Report (2021) | New York City Mayor’s Office of Climate & Environmental Justice |
| We Love Immigrant NYC (2022) | New York City Mayor’s Office of Immigrant Affairs |
| Lower Manhattan Climate Resiliency Study (2019) | New York City Mayor’s Office of Recovery & Resiliency, New York City Economic Development Corporation |
| New York City Stormwater Resiliency Plan (2021) | New York City Mayor’s Office of Resiliency |
| Mayor’s Management Report for Fiscal Year 2023 | New York City Office of the Mayor |
| Design and Planning for Flood Resiliency: Guidelines for NYC Parks (2017) | New York City Department of Parks and Recreation |
| Blue-Green Infrastructure: A New Business Case for New York City (2023) | Ramboll, Rebuild by Design |
| Building an Equitably Green New York City (2022) | Riverkeeper |
| Housing Our Neighbors: A Blueprint for Housing and Homelessness (2022) | New York City Office of the Mayor |
| Climate Resilience | The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey |